Other people tried to obtain a licence from Google for an open-source project and finally did not get it Archive: 1. On this website, the widevine support is enabled on the stable versions. The latest version is: 4.
Note these links of Google Chrome are official. If issue on a website using Widevine like Spotify, Netflix Flash plugin Flash is a deprecated multimedia software platform. Adobe retired Flash on January 1, , on all plateforms. Roadmap for Chromium. Roadmap for Firefox. For info, PepperFlash is secure because it works in a sandbox.
In short, it executes in its own process, separate from the browser's rendering engine. Since , the Flash npapi plugin is discontinued. How to quickly install the Flash plugin? Obsolete content! How to manually install the Flash plugin? This is a full manual installation tutorial.
If Google Chrome is already installed, go directly to "3. Add command-line flags" 1. So get it from the official sources: Adobe or Google. Optionally, get the Flash version number: If you want to see the correct version number on Chromium internal pages On all platforms, open the manifest. Change the plugin directory If you want, prefer a short path for the plugin.
It will be easier for the next step. It is there to make sure Chromium is launched in a separate thread. Moreover, to simplify the Chromium launch, check How to create simple Mac apps from shell scripts Archive: 1.
Also see the comment and comment Restart the browser Relaunch it to apply changes. For update, check the Flash Player version on the official page. For security information, see the security bulletins and advisories 6. Now, even after browser updates, Chromium uses PepperFlash. Chromium More info on site archives: chromium::wayback. It is currently mainly supported by Apple. Support of H. Support of AV1 in web browsers. Advanced 1. Copy and paste this special URL directly into the address bar omnibox.
Note: About configuration settings, there is nothing similar to Firefox 's about:config in Chromium. Keyboard shortcuts To use keyboard shortcuts on Windows, Mac and Linux , check this full list of official shortcuts Most of the shortcuts are similar to IE , Firefox or any other browser. Command-line flags There are command-line flags or "switches" that Chromium accept in order to enable particular features or modify otherwise default functionality.
Note flags often contain experimental or obsolete code, so they tend not to stick around for long. Run Chromium with flags List of Chromium command-line switches Auto-updated list provided by Peter Beverloo How to start Chromium directly in incognito or private mode, on Windows?
Add the "--incognito" flag at the end of the Chromium shortcut and restart the browser. User data directory About your profile history, bookmarks How to change the user data directory? Add the "--user-data-dir" flag at the end of the Chromium shortcut and restart the browser. External extension installation How to install an external browser add-on? If you wish to install extensions directly instead of just downloading the.
Click on the link of the. Add the "--enable-easy-off-store-extension-install" flag at the end of the Chromium shortcut and restart the browser. Unzip the. Source code Before all, check the official guide for developers. Chromium source code of the latest stable version: chromium Older version Never update your browser with a very old version. It even does not start. To downgrade Chromium installed with the Installer.
It is an option of its uninstaller. Browser benchmark To test performances of the browser, do differents benchmarks. Except as otherwise noted, for the result, a higher number is better. API This is a free and simple API for developers to update Chromium to the latest good build via a bash shell script, a browser extension Read my notes. Please, do not use this API to build other websites. To prevent abuse, the site can audit each API request.
Links Except the Wikipedia's Chromium page, these links are official and point only to the Google sites. Browsers 1. Chromium forks In simple words, a fork of Chromium means Chromium engine is used to create another web browser. Why not recommended? Because all of these browsers are closed-source, outdated, based on Chromium like Google Chrome Google is famous. Its privacy policy and marketing strategy are well known. So you have to ask you some questions. Do you trust in an unknown team more than Google?
Is an outdated Chromium fork? It offers advanced networking, performance, security and compatibility features today which are still missing in other operating systems, even some of the best commercial ones.
It is also essential to mention that this operating system is not a Linux distribution, and it features several stable branches. While the The operating system provides users with a text-mode, minimal boot menu from where they can boot into the multi user or single user environments, drop to a shell prompt for system rescuing tasks, choose a stable or old kernel, as well as to reboot the machine. In general, shared key authentication should be avoided because it uses the WEP key material in a highly-constrained manner, making it even easier to crack the key.
Once an access point is selected and the authentication parameters are set, an IP address must be obtained in order to communicate. Once the interface is running, use ifconfig 8 to see the status of the interface ath0 :. The status: associated line means that it is connected to the wireless network.
The bssid is the MAC address of the access point and authmode OPEN indicates that the communication is not encrypted. Replace the DHCP keyword shown above with the address information. Be sure to retain any other parameters for selecting the access point:.
WPA leverages the TKIP is a cipher that extends the basic RC4 cipher used by WEP by adding integrity checking, tamper detection, and measures for responding to detected intrusions. TKIP is designed to work on legacy hardware with only software modification.
It represents a compromise that improves security but is still not entirely immune to attack. WPA defines authentication and encryption protocols. Authentication is most commonly done using one of two techniques: by This means every wireless user will share the same key.
WPA-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of an authentication server is not possible or desired. Always use strong passwords that are sufficiently long and made from a rich alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked.
The second way to use WPA is with an EAP does not come with an encryption method. Instead, EAP is embedded inside an encrypted tunnel. EAP-TLS requires three certificates to run: the certificate of the Certificate Authority CA installed on all machines, the server certificate for the authentication server, and one client certificate for each wireless client.
This method is similar to a web server which creates a secure SSL tunnel even if visitors do not have client-side certificates. In this chapter, the term PEAP is used to refer to that method.
PEAP is similar to EAP-TTLS as it uses a server-side certificate to authenticate clients by creating an encrypted TLS tunnel between the client and the authentication server, which protects the ensuing exchange of authentication information. There is no authentication mechanism, only a weak form of access control which is easily cracked. WEP can be set up using ifconfig 8 :. The weptxkey specifies which WEP key will be used in the transmission.
This example uses the third key. This must match the setting on the access point. When unsure which key is used by the access point, try 1 the first key for this value. The wepkey selects one of the WEP keys. It should be in the format index:key. Key 1 is used by default; the index only needs to be set when using a key other than the first key. Refer to ifconfig 8 for further information. IBSS mode, also called ad-hoc mode, is designed for point to point connections. The I in the output confirms that A is in ad-hoc mode.
Now, configure B with a different IP address:. This can be particularly useful when a FreeBSD machine is acting as a gateway to another network such as the Internet. Before configuring a FreeBSD machine as an AP, the kernel must be configured with the appropriate networking support for the wireless card as well as the security protocols being used.
For more details, see Basic Setup. Once wireless networking support is loaded, check if the wireless device supports the host-based access point mode, also known as hostap mode:.
This information indicates which security protocols can be used on the AP. The wireless device can only be put into hostap mode during the creation of the network pseudo-device, so a previously created device must be destroyed first:. Use ifconfig 8 again to see the status of the wlan0 interface:. The hostap parameter indicates the interface is running in the host-based access point mode. Although it is not recommended to run an AP without any authentication or encryption, this is a simple way to check if the AP is working.
This configuration is also important for debugging client issues. The hostapd 8 daemon is used to deal with client authentication and key management on the WPA2-enabled AP. Before trying to configure hostapd 8 , first configure the basic settings introduced in Basic Settings.
WPA2-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of a backend authentication server is not possible or desired.
The next step is to start hostapd 8 :. Once the AP is running, the clients can associate with it. See WPA for more details. It is possible to see the stations associated with the AP using ifconfig wlan0 list sta. It is not recommended to use WEP for setting up an AP since there is no authentication mechanism and the encryption is easily cracked.
Some legacy wireless cards only support WEP and these cards will only support an AP without authentication or encryption. The weptxkey indicates which WEP key will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key as key numbering starts with 1. This parameter must be specified in order to encrypt the data. The wepkey sets the selected WEP key. If the index is not given, key 1 is set. The index needs to be set when using keys other than the first key.
Use ifconfig 8 to see the status of the wlan0 interface:. In this example, the client machine found the AP and can associate with it using the correct parameters. See WEP for more details. A wired connection provides better performance and reliability, while a wireless connection provides flexibility and mobility.
Laptop users typically want to roam seamlessly between the two types of connections. On FreeBSD, it is possible to combine two or even more network interfaces together in a "failover" fashion.
This type of configuration uses the most preferred and available connection from a group of network interfaces, and the operating system switches automatically when the link state changes.
Link aggregation and failover is covered in Link Aggregation and Failover and an example for using both wired and wireless connections is provided at Failover Mode Between Ethernet and Wireless Interfaces. This section describes a number of steps to help troubleshoot common wireless networking problems. If the access point is not listed when scanning, check that the configuration has not limited the wireless device to a limited set of channels. If the device cannot associate with an access point, verify that the configuration matches the settings on the access point.
This includes the authentication scheme and any security protocols. Simplify the configuration as much as possible.
If using a security protocol such as WPA or WEP, configure the access point for open authentication and no security to see if traffic will pass. Try running this utility manually with -dd and look at the system logs. Once the system can associate with the access point, diagnose the network configuration using tools like ping 8. There are many lower-level debugging tools.
Debugging messages can be enabled in the For example, to enable console messages related to scanning for access points and the Many useful statistics are maintained by the These statistics should display all errors identified by the However, some errors are identified in the device drivers that lie below the To diagnose device-specific problems, refer to the drivers' documentation.
If the above information does not help to clarify the problem, submit a problem report and include output from the above tools. Many cellphones provide the option to share their data connection over USB often called "tethering". Older devices will often use the cdce 4 driver.
Once the device is attached ue 0 will be available for use like a normal network device. Be sure that the "USB tethering" option is enabled on the device. Bluetooth is a wireless technology for creating personal networks operating in the 2. Networks are usually formed ad-hoc from portable devices such as cellular phones, handhelds, and laptops.
Unlike Wi-Fi wireless technology, Bluetooth offers higher level service profiles, such as FTP-like file servers, file pushing, voice transport, serial line emulation, and more. It then describes the various Bluetooth protocols and utilities. Before attaching a device, determine which of the above drivers it uses, then load the driver.
Once the driver is loaded, plug in the USB dongle. To start and stop the Bluetooth stack, use its startup script. It is a good idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device. Starting the bluetooth stack might require hcsecd 8 to be started. When starting the stack, the output should be similar to the following:.
One of the most common tasks is discovery of Bluetooth devices within RF proximity. This operation is called inquiry. Inquiry and other HCI related operations are done using hccontrol 8. The example below shows how to find out which Bluetooth devices are in range. The list of devices should be displayed in a few seconds. Note that a remote device will only answer the inquiry if it is set to discoverable mode. The following example shows how to obtain the human readable name that was assigned to the remote device:.
If an inquiry is performed on a remote Bluetooth device, it will find the computer as "your. The name assigned to the local device can be changed at any time. The Bluetooth system provides a point-to-point connection between two Bluetooth units, or a point-to-multipoint connection which is shared among several Bluetooth devices.
The following example shows how to create a connection to a remote device:. The following example shows how to obtain the list of active baseband connections for the local device:. A connection handle is useful when termination of the baseband connection is required, though it is normally not required to do this by hand.
The stack will automatically terminate inactive baseband connections. Type hccontrol help for a complete listing of available HCI commands. Most of the HCI commands do not require superuser privileges. By default, Bluetooth communication is not authenticated, and any device can talk to any other device. A Bluetooth device, such as a cellular phone, may choose to require authentication to provide a particular service.
The user is required to enter the same PIN code on both devices. Once the user has entered the PIN code, both devices will generate a link key. After that, the link key can be stored either in the devices or in a persistent storage.
Next time, both devices will use the previously generated link key. This procedure is called pairing. Note that if the link key is lost by either device, the pairing must be repeated. The hcsecd 8 daemon is responsible for handling Bluetooth authentication requests. An example section for a cellular phone with the PIN code set to is shown below:. The only limitation on PIN codes is length.
Some devices, such as Bluetooth headsets, may have a fixed PIN code built in. The -d switch forces hcsecd 8 to stay in the foreground, so it is easy to see what is happening. Set the remote device to receive pairing and initiate the Bluetooth connection to the remote device. The remote device should indicate that pairing was accepted and request the PIN code.
Enter the same PIN code listed in hcsecd. Now the computer and the remote device are paired. Alternatively, pairing can be initiated on the remote device. The following is a sample of the hcsecd 8 daemon output:.
A Dial-Up Networking DUN profile can be used to configure a cellular phone as a wireless modem for connecting to a dial-up Internet access server. It can also be used to configure a computer to receive data calls from a cellular phone. The actual channel number will be obtained from the remote device using the SDP protocol. This section provides an overview of the various Bluetooth protocols, their function, and associated utilities. L2CAP is based around the concept of channels. A channel is a logical connection on top of a baseband connection, where each channel is bound to a single protocol in a many-to-one fashion.
Multiple channels can be bound to the same protocol, but a channel cannot be bound to multiple protocols. Each L2CAP packet received on a channel is directed to the appropriate higher level protocol. Multiple channels can share the same baseband connection. This node is normally connected to the downstream Bluetooth HCI node and upstream Bluetooth socket nodes.
The default name for the L2CAP node is "devicel2cap". A useful command is l2ping 8 , which can be used to ping other devices. Some Bluetooth implementations might not return all of the data sent to them, so 0 bytes in the following example is normal. The l2control 8 utility is used to perform various operations on L2CAP nodes.
This example shows how to obtain the list of logical connections channels and the list of baseband connections for the local device:. Another diagnostic tool is btsockstat 1. It is similar to netstat 1 , but for Bluetooth network-related data structures.
The example below shows the same logical connection as l2control 8 above. For the purposes of RFCOMM, a complete communication path involves two applications running on the communication endpoints with a communication segment between them. RFCOMM is intended to cover applications that make use of the serial ports of the devices in which they reside.
The communication segment is a direct connect Bluetooth link from one device to another. RFCOMM is only concerned with the connection between the devices in the direct connect case, or between the device and a modem in the network case.
RFCOMM can support other configurations, such as modules that communicate via Bluetooth wireless technology on one side and provide a wired interface on the other side. The Service Discovery Protocol SDP provides the means for client applications to discover the existence of services provided by server applications as well as the attributes of those services.
The attributes of a service include the type or class of service offered and the mechanism or protocol information needed to utilize the service. The server maintains a list of service records that describe the characteristics of services associated with the server. Once you've finished downloading All rights reserved.
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